Mini-review: River Spirit by Leila Aboulela (Sudan/South Sudan)

26th Feb 2023 | Book Reviews | 0 comments

Sudan – present or past – is not prominently featured in English-language literature, with Tayeb Salih holding the most well-known spot, but Leila Aboulela continues to change this with her latest historical fiction, River Spirit, set in late-1800s Sudan, starting in the south (now South Sudan) and moving to Khartoum, with a brief stop in Cairo. it focuses on the Mahdist movement of 1881-1898, a revolt against Ottoman-Egyptian rule in Sudan led by a self-proclaimed Mahdi. I had never heard of this and am pleased Leila Aboulela ultimately chose to focus on it. Having read this after We Have Buried the Past, set in Fez during the Moroccan war of independence, I particularly appreciated being able to continue the learning journey about different struggles for independence and the complexities of these movements. Something particularly striking in River Spirit was the challenge faced by Muslims having to choose between two groups both led and followed by Muslims, a fake Mahdi and an Ottoman ruler, in addition to an encroaching British presence.

In keeping with her previous works, Leila Aboulela portrays many different perspectives with a gentle empathy while being clear about what is right and wrong. In this case, she shows the perspectives of Muslim and non-Muslim Sudanese, men and women, locals and foreigners, society’s wealthiest and poorest. None are demonised based on their social group, but are taken as individual people, some of whom make more mistakes than others. Slavery features prominently throughout the book with one of the main characters being enslaved and freed several times during the story. As well as showing different attitudes toward slavery at the time, the story really emphasised for me how easily the character would find herself enslaved, especially in times of war and chaos. Leila Aboulela also puts a lot of emphasis on women’s experiences and, through showing us the ways they interact with the unfolding events and their diverse circumstances, empowers them in their own stories. Often, especially in modern Western literature, an “empowered” woman is a woman who is the exception to the general circumstances of women; in particular, she is often given traditionally male characteristics or roles (a stereotypical example is Wonder Woman) to prove her superiority. The beauty of Leila Aboulela’s female characters is that she gives them agency in natural ways in keeping with their social context and this is never done in an apologetic manner. Similarly, she is unapologetic about local Islamic practices, such as polygamy. In this very natural way, Leila Aboulela asserts the value of Islam and a society oriented around Islamic values, as well as that of Sudanese or indeed an African society, without ever preaching or explicitly justifying herself. I believe this is her appeal for many readers, tired perhaps of the reactionary undertone found in some modern Western writing.

I am curious about why Leila Aboulela decided to end the book with chapters from the perspectives of characters who were side characters for most of the book, as I was keen to hear from Akuany/Zamzam at the end. Having said that, I felt that the final chapters allowed us to continue learning more about the characters, right to the end, while still offering closure. Overall, even though the story portrays a lot of difficult circumstances and unpleasant experiences, there is always a sense of optimism. Leila Aboulela has once again produced a thought-provoking, beautiful story filled with the characteristic reflective grace that encompasses all of her writing.

 

I received this book as an Advance Reader Copy from Grove Atlantic on Netgalley.
Title: River Spirit
Author: Leila Aboulela,
Published: 2023

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